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The experimental operation steps and requirements of Vickers hardness tester are explained in one article!
2026-06-11
Vickers hardness (HV) has strong universality and high detection accuracy, and is a commonly used hardness testing method for metal materials, heat treatment, and coated components. This article is based on the GB/T 4340.1-2009 national standard, simplifying and organizing standardized labeling, operating procedures, environmental and sample requirements, and quickly mastering the key points of standardized testing.
Vickers hardness standard representation method
Standard format: Hardness value+HV+Test force (kgf)+Holding time (optional)
Core rules:
1. Standard load capacity of 10-15 seconds, no need to label; Exceeding this duration must be marked; Nonferrous metals are required to be labeled for a conventional holding time of 30 seconds.
2. The official identification only states kgf, and N is only for conversion reference and not included in the annotation.
Common examples:
640HV30: 30kgf test force, holding load for 10-15 seconds, hardness value 640;
640HV30/20:30kgf test force, holding load for 20 seconds, hardness value 640.
The unique identifier is HV, and it is prohibited to mix and write with HB and HRC incorrectly.
Standardized operating procedures
1. Test force selection: HV30 for quenched steel and hard alloy; HV5/HV10 is used for soft metals and thin coatings.
2. Equipment calibration: Select standard hardness blocks corresponding to the test force, and perform startup calibration to eliminate system errors.
3. Sample clamping: Clean the oil and oxide skin of the sample, place it steadily, and ensure that the surface to be tested is perpendicular to the pressure head without shaking.
4. Focusing and alignment: Adjust the lifting mechanism to achieve clear imaging and align the pressure head with the center of the field of view.
5. Load protection: Smooth loading without impact.
6. Unloading Reading: Unloading at a constant speed, the Naibo equipment can automatically measure the diagonal of the indentation, calculate the hardness, and record the data directly without the need to check the table.
Experimental environment requirements
Environmental temperature: conventional 10 ℃~35 ℃; High precision, arbitration at 23 ℃± 5 ℃.
Equipment installation: Stable and horizontal installation without any looseness or displacement.
Environmental conditions: No vibration, no corrosive gases, no large amount of dust.
Environmental humidity: ≤ 70%, to prevent equipment from getting damp and causing malfunctions.
Core specifications for test samples
1. Surface requirements: The surface should be flat and smooth, without oil stains, oxide scales, or scratches; Microscopic Vickers Ra ≤ 0.2 μ m, conventional Vickers Ra ≤ 0.4 μ m.
2. Thickness requirement: The minimum thickness of the sample should be ≥ 1.5 times the diagonal length of the indentation, and there should be no concave deformation on the back, otherwise the data is invalid.
3. Specification for indentation spacing: To avoid stress interference between adjacent indentations and distortion of test data, the indentation spacing of different materials must meet the following standards:
summary
The core key of Vickers hardness testing includes identification specifications, equipment calibration, load holding standards, sample compliance, and indentation compliance. The Vickers hardness tester produced by Naibo strictly follows the GB/T 4340.1-2009 standard, which can effectively avoid errors, ensure accurate and traceable testing data, and adapt to various scenarios such as workshop quality inspection and laboratory testing.
